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SOUTH AFRICAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY 
REGISTERED UNIT STANDARD THAT HAS PASSED THE END DATE: 

Perform auditing activities 
SAQA US ID UNIT STANDARD TITLE
12674  Perform auditing activities 
ORIGINATOR
SGB Manufacturing and Assembly Processes 
PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QUALITY ASSURANCE FUNCTIONARY
-  
FIELD SUBFIELD
Field 06 - Manufacturing, Engineering and Technology Manufacturing and Assembly 
ABET BAND UNIT STANDARD TYPE PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL CREDITS
Undefined  Regular  Level 5  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5  12 
REGISTRATION STATUS REGISTRATION START DATE REGISTRATION END DATE SAQA DECISION NUMBER
Passed the End Date -
Status was "Reregistered" 		 2018-07-01  2023-06-30  SAQA 06120/18 
LAST DATE FOR ENROLMENT LAST DATE FOR ACHIEVEMENT
2024-06-30   2027-06-30  

In all of the tables in this document, both the pre-2009 NQF Level and the NQF Level is shown. In the text (purpose statements, qualification rules, etc), any references to NQF Levels are to the pre-2009 levels unless specifically stated otherwise.  

This unit standard does not replace any other unit standard and is not replaced by any other unit standard. 

PURPOSE OF THE UNIT STANDARD 
The skills, values and knowledge reflected in this unit standard are required by people in the field of rubber technology.

Qualifying learners are able to audit documentation related to materials, components, process performance and final product for compliance with specifications, e.g. policies and procedures, company performance criteria. 

LEARNING ASSUMED TO BE IN PLACE AND RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING 
This unit standard has been designed as part of a progression. It is one of a series of unit standards for rubber technology.

The credits allocated to this unit standard assume that learners are already familiar with all aspects of the rubber manufacturing, testing and quality processes. 

UNIT STANDARD RANGE 
The learner should be able to work autonomously. 

Specific Outcomes and Assessment Criteria: 

SPECIFIC OUTCOME 1 
Plan and prepare for the audit process. 

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
1. Audit plan is produced. 
ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
Indicators:
1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

Understanding confirmed:
1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    2. Affected stakeholders are informed of audit plan. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    3. Audit data is collected and recorded. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    4. Findings are evaluated for conformance / non-conformance to legislation, company policy and procedures. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    5. Findings report is compiled, processed and circulated to affected parties. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 6 
    6. Audit findings and suitable recommendations are discussed with affected parties. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 7 
    7. Corrective action(s) / improvements made are evaluated, recorded and processed. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 2 
    Communicate the audit plan to affected parties. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    1. Audit plan is produced. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    2. Affected stakeholders are informed of audit plan. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    3. Audit data is collected and recorded. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    4. Findings are evaluated for conformance / non-conformance to legislation, company policy and procedures. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    5. Findings report is compiled, processed and circulated to affected parties. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 6 
    6. Audit findings and suitable recommendations are discussed with affected parties. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 7 
    7. Corrective action(s) / improvements made are evaluated, recorded and processed. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 3 
    Conduct the audit process. 
    OUTCOME NOTES 
    Collect data on site of compliance and non-compliance. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    1. Audit plan is produced. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    2. Affected stakeholders are informed of audit plan. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    3. Audit data is collected and recorded. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    4. Findings are evaluated for conformance / non-conformance to legislation, company policy and procedures. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    5. Findings report is compiled, processed and circulated to affected parties. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 6 
    6. Audit findings and suitable recommendations are discussed with affected parties. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 7 
    7. Corrective action(s) / improvements made are evaluated, recorded and processed. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 4 
    Interpret and evaluate findings. 
    OUTCOME NOTES 
    Determine conformance and non-conformance. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    1. Audit plan is produced. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    2. Affected stakeholders are informed of audit plan. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    3. Audit data is collected and recorded. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    4. Findings are evaluated for conformance / non-conformance to legislation, company policy and procedures. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    5. Findings report is compiled, processed and circulated to affected parties. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 6 
    6. Audit findings and suitable recommendations are discussed with affected parties. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 7 
    7. Corrective action(s) / improvements made are evaluated, recorded and processed. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 5 
    Compile an audit report. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    1. Audit plan is produced. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    2. Affected stakeholders are informed of audit plan. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    3. Audit data is collected and recorded. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    4. Findings are evaluated for conformance / non-conformance to legislation, company policy and procedures. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    5. Findings report is compiled, processed and circulated to affected parties. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 6 
    6. Audit findings and suitable recommendations are discussed with affected parties. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 7 
    7. Corrective action(s) / improvements made are evaluated, recorded and processed. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 6 
    Report on the audit findings. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    1. Audit plan is produced. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    2. Affected stakeholders are informed of audit plan. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    3. Audit data is collected and recorded. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    4. Findings are evaluated for conformance / non-conformance to legislation, company policy and procedures. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    5. Findings report is compiled, processed and circulated to affected parties. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 6 
    6. Audit findings and suitable recommendations are discussed with affected parties. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 7 
    7. Corrective action(s) / improvements made are evaluated, recorded and processed. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 7 
    Follow-up and evaluate corrective action(s) / improvements made. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    1. Audit plan is produced. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    2. Affected stakeholders are informed of audit plan. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    3. Audit data is collected and recorded. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    4. Findings are evaluated for conformance / non-conformance to legislation, company policy and procedures. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    5. Findings report is compiled, processed and circulated to affected parties. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 6 
    6. Audit findings and suitable recommendations are discussed with affected parties. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 7 
    7. Corrective action(s) / improvements made are evaluated, recorded and processed. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 8 
    Discuss and explain auditing process and purpose of auditing. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    1. Audit plan is produced. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    2. Affected stakeholders are informed of audit plan. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    3. Audit data is collected and recorded. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    4. Findings are evaluated for conformance / non-conformance to legislation, company policy and procedures. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    5. Findings report is compiled, processed and circulated to affected parties. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 6 
    6. Audit findings and suitable recommendations are discussed with affected parties. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 7 
    7. Corrective action(s) / improvements made are evaluated, recorded and processed. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES 
    Indicators:
    1. Audit is conducted within agreed time frames
    2. No delays are caused as a result of poor planning
    3. Company audit policy and procedures are adhered to
    4. Documents and reports are legible and accurate
    5. Findings are clear and unambiguous
    6. Findings report is timeously circulated and discussed with affected parties
    7. Applicable safety, health and environmental policies and procedures are adhered to.

    Understanding confirmed:
    1. Responding to questions and entering into discussions with respect to:
  • Reasons for conducting audits
  • Importance of timeously identifying and rectifying non-conformances
  • Effects of complying with policy and procedure on the product and the production process 
    		•


    UNIT STANDARD ACCREDITATION AND MODERATION OPTIONS 
    The assessment will be governed by the policies and guidelines of the MERSETA Education and Training Quality Assuror who has jurisdiction over this field of learning. The assessor will (at the very least) be accredited and have a technical qualification in this learning area.

    The learner can be assessed in the language of his/her choice although s/he has to report incidents or conditions to someone else. The learner will be assessed on his/her ability to report in the language commonly used in his/her working environment.

    The learner will be assessed in the workplace but s/he can submit documents, projects, test results and assignments that were not produced in the workplace.

    The learner can be assessed against this unit standard to obtain credits or as part of an integrated assessment for a qualification. 

    UNIT STANDARD ESSENTIAL EMBEDDED KNOWLEDGE 
    Purpose of:
  • Auditing
  • Auditing process
  • Constant improvement
  • Highlighting performance, quality and SHE gaps

    Processes, events, causes and effects, implications:
  • Effects of findings on materials, components, process

    Procedures and techniques:
  • Auditing process
  • Identifying conformances and non-conformances
  • Evaluating findings
  • Compiling audit report

    Regulations, legislation, agreements, policies, standards:
  • Applicable health, safety and environmental legislation, policies and procedures
  • Applicable company policy and procedures
  • Applicable product quality specifications and requirements
  • External auditing standards

    Theory: rules, principles, laws:
  • Auditing fundamentals
  • Statistical fundamentals applicable to auditing

    Relationships, systems:
  • Relationship between auditing activities and product improvement
  • Relationship between auditing activities and product and process conformance 
    		•


    Critical Cross-field Outcomes (CCFO): 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO IDENTIFYING 
    Identify and solve problems.
  • Identify conformance / non-conformance against policies and procedures and recommend suitable corrective action 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO WORKING 
    Work effectively with others.
  • Interact with production personnel and co-workers in order to conduct audit 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO ORGANISING 
    Organise and manage myself and my activities.
  • Manage resources and my own time
  • Plan audit and compile audit schedule 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO COLLECTING 
    Collect, analyse, organise and critically evaluate information.
  • Collect, analyse and evaluate audit data
  • Make recommendations 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO COMMUNICATING 
    Communicate effectively.
  • Describe and report audit findings 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO SCIENCE 
    Use science and technology effectively and critically.
  • Use statistical fundamentals to analyse data 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO DEMONSTRATING 
    Demonstrate an understanding of the world as a set of related systems.
  • Understand role of auditing to the manufacturing process and the effects of my activities on the larger manufacturing process
  • Justify my activities as appropriate 
    		•

    REREGISTRATION HISTORY 
    As per the SAQA Board decision/s at that time, this unit standard was Reregistered in 2012; 2015. 

    QUALIFICATIONS UTILISING THIS UNIT STANDARD: 
      ID QUALIFICATION TITLE PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL STATUS END DATE PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QA FUNCTIONARY
    Core  22774   National Diploma: Rubber Technology  Level 5  NQF Level 05  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Reregistered"     		 2023-06-30  MERSETA 
    Elective  66489   Further Education and Training Certificate: Foundry Operations  Level 4  NQF Level 04  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Reregistered"     		 2013-11-07  MERSETA 
    Elective  23260   National Certificate: Industrial Rubber Manufacturing: Mixing OR Extruding OR Moulding OR Calendaring  Level 5  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Reregistered"     		 2023-06-30  MERSETA 
    Elective  49060   National Degree: Master Craftsmanship (Electrical)  Level 6  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L6  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Reregistered"     		 2018-12-31  EWSETA 


    PROVIDERS CURRENTLY ACCREDITED TO OFFER THIS UNIT STANDARD: 
    This information shows the current accreditations (i.e. those not past their accreditation end dates), and is the most complete record available to SAQA as of today. Some Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionaries have a lag in their recording systems for provider accreditation, in turn leading to a lag in notifying SAQA of all the providers that they have accredited to offer qualifications and unit standards, as well as any extensions to accreditation end dates. The relevant Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionary should be notified if a record appears to be missing from here.
     
    NONE 


    All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.