SAQA

All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.

SOUTH AFRICAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY

REGISTERED UNIT STANDARD THAT HAS PASSED THE END DATE:

Demonstrate knowledge of electronic emission theory

SAQA US ID	UNIT STANDARD TITLE
120057	Demonstrate knowledge of electronic emission theory
ORIGINATOR
SGB Air Defence
PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QUALITY ASSURANCE FUNCTIONARY
-
FIELD			SUBFIELD
Field 08 - Law, Military Science and Security			Sovereignty of the State
ABET BAND	UNIT STANDARD TYPE	PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL	NQF LEVEL	CREDITS
Undefined	Regular	Level 5	Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5	12
REGISTRATION STATUS		REGISTRATION START DATE	REGISTRATION END DATE	SAQA DECISION NUMBER
Passed the End Date - Status was "Reregistered"		2018-07-01	2023-06-30	SAQA 06120/18
LAST DATE FOR ENROLMENT		LAST DATE FOR ACHIEVEMENT
2024-06-30		2027-06-30

In all of the tables in this document, both the pre-2009 NQF Level and the NQF Level is shown. In the text (purpose statements, qualification rules, etc), any references to NQF Levels are to the pre-2009 levels unless specifically stated otherwise.

This unit standard does not replace any other unit standard and is not replaced by any other unit standard.

PURPOSE OF THE UNIT STANDARD

This unit standard will be useful to learners who work in an airspace control environment and are required to have knowledge of the theory behind electronic emissions in radio, radar and electronic warfare.

Learners credited with this unit standard are able to:

Demonstrate knowledge of radar concepts

Demonstrate knowledge of radio communication concepts

Demonstrate knowledge of electronic warfare environments

LEARNING ASSUMED TO BE IN PLACE AND RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING

The credit calculation for this unit standard is based on the assumption that learners are already competent in terms of the following outcomes or areas of learning when starting to learn towards this unit standard:

Inducted into the South African military

Communication at NQF level 4

Radio and radar theory

UNIT STANDARD RANGE

Specific range statements are provided in the body of the unit standard where they apply to particular specific outcomes or assessment criteria.

Specific Outcomes and Assessment Criteria:

SPECIFIC OUTCOME 1

Demonstrate knowledge of radar concepts.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1

Radar concepts are explained in terms of suitability for use.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE

Radar concepts include derivation, classification, sub systems, terminology, propagation and factors affecting coverage.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2

Radar is explained in terms of mobile and static systems.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE

Systems include type, allocation, location, function.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3

Pulse radar systems are explained in terms of suitability for use.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE

Explanations include operation, transmitter and receiver types, measurement of range and radar bearing.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4

Radar systems are explained in terms of measurements and the main factors that affect these systems.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE

Radar systems include doppler, continuous wave, and secondary surveillance radars.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5

Display systems are explained in terms of manufacturer specifications.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE

Manufacturer specifications include type, basic operation, functions, deflection properties and time base properties.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 6

Transmission lines are explained in terms of their applicability to radar.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE

Includes maximum power transfer, non-resonant, resonant, standing waves, nature of voltage, impedance, radio frequency loss.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 7

Wavelengths and their effect on the wave-guide design are explained in terms of radar frequency.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE

Includes shape, functions, advantages, disadvantages, development, joints, couplers, attenuator.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 8

The methods used to transfer electromagnetic energy are described in terms of accepted laws of physics.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 9

Antenna systems are explained in terms of reflector design factors.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE

Reflector design factors include characteristics, beam width and shape, gain, radiation pattern, parabolic principles, reflection methods, types.

SPECIFIC OUTCOME 2

Demonstrate knowledge of radio communication concepts.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1

Radio communication concepts are explained in terms of suitability for use.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE

Radio communication concepts include definition, classification, sub systems, terminology, propagation, modulation and factors affecting coverage.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2

Voice radio communication is explained in terms of transmission properties.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE

Transmission properties include frequency bands, installations, principles, equipment, network and bearer systems and operational use.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3

Navigation and/or approach radio communication aids are identified in terms of transmission properties.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE

Transmission properties include frequency bands, installations, principles, equipment, network and bearer systems and operational use.

SPECIFIC OUTCOME 3

Demonstrate knowledge of electronic warfare environments.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1

Basic electronic warfare concepts are explained in terms of their functions.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2

Electronic warfare and its uses are described in terms of electronic and communications intelligence.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3

Electronic warfare counter measures are identified in terms of their application and effectiveness.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4

The impact of electronic warfare is described in terms of electronic support measures (ESM).

UNIT STANDARD ACCREDITATION AND MODERATION OPTIONS

Anyone assessing a learner against this unit standard must be registered as an assessor with the relevant SETA.

Any institution offering learning that will enable achievement of this unit standard must be accredited as a provider by the relevant SETA.

Moderation of assessment will be overseen by the ETQA according to the moderation guidelines in the relevant qualification and the agreed ETQA procedures.

UNIT STANDARD ESSENTIAL EMBEDDED KNOWLEDGE

Names, functions and locations of:

> Electronic warfare environment (radar, radio)
> Electronic intelligence
> Operational environment and area of operational responsibility
> Location of all military assets and readiness states
> Ground and air based systems
> Command and control authorities

Purpose of processes and procedures of:

> Triangulation
> ECM
> ECCM
> Passive and active ECM
> Platforms
> Displays
> Communication lines
> Airspace rules and regulations

Attributes, properties, characteristics related to:

> Radar and radio systems
> Airborne platforms
> Jamming
> Burn/ look through
> Range gates
> RPV's
> Duplexing
> Side lobe blanking
> Military/national security concepts
> Objectivity
> Punctuality
> Security culture of the military environment
> Stakeholders and their rights

Cause and effect, implications of:

> ECM, ECCM on radar, radio and airborne platforms
> ESM
> Integrated system relationships
> The responsibility and accountability for security (personnel, personal, document, Information Computer Technology and physical and material)
> Security breaches
> Restrictions and limitations (Air Force/operational restrictions, standing instructions, standard operating procedures, aircraft performance)
> Security clearance

Categories of things, processes, concepts:

> Radar
> Radio
> Electronic warfare
> Domains of security (personnel, personal, document, Information Computer Technology and physical and material)
> Levels of security
> Contingency measures (personnel, personal, document, Information Computer Technology and physical and material)
> Security competence
> Classification of information
> Counter measures (personnel, personal, document, Information Computer Technology and physical and material)
> The need for a regulatory framework
> Secrecy
> Handling of classified information
> Reliability
> Timeousness
> Integrity

Procedures and techniques:

> Utilisation of EW Platforms
> Reporting incidents

Regulations, legislation, agreements, policies:
> The Constitution of South Africa
> The relevant legislation relating to military environment
> Departmental policies and directives
> The Code of Conduct
> Agreements with clients
> Memoranda of understanding
> Law of Armed Conflict

Theory - rules, laws, principles:

> War
> Propagation
> Doppler
> SSR
> Defection
> Wave-guides
> Parabolic principles
> Modulation
> Terminology

Relationships, systems between:

> Mobile and static systems
> All levels of command
> The individual, organisation and the state impacting on electronic warfare and the influence on own capabilities

UNIT STANDARD DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME

N/A

UNIT STANDARD LINKAGES

N/A

Critical Cross-field Outcomes (CCFO):

UNIT STANDARD CCFO IDENTIFYING

Identify and solve problems and make decisions using critical and creative thinking.

UNIT STANDARD CCFO WORKING

Work effectively with others as members of a team, group, organisation or community.

UNIT STANDARD CCFO ORGANISING

Organise and manage themselves and their activities responsibly and effectively.

UNIT STANDARD CCFO COLLECTING

Collect, analyse, organise and critically evaluate information.

UNIT STANDARD CCFO COMMUNICATING

Communicate effectively, using visual, mathematical and / or language skills in the modes of oral and / or written presentations.

UNIT STANDARD CCFO SCIENCE

Use science and technology effectively and critically showing responsibility towards the environment and health of others.

UNIT STANDARD ASSESSOR CRITERIA

N/A

REREGISTRATION HISTORY

As per the SAQA Board decision/s at that time, this unit standard was Reregistered in 2012; 2015.

UNIT STANDARD NOTES

Terminology:

Terms used in this unit standard are generic to the military and aviation industries.

Abbreviations:

ESM: Electronic Support Measures
ECM: Electronic Counter Measures
ECCM: Electronic Counter Counter Measures
ESM: Electronic Surveillance Measures
SSR: Secondary Surveillance Radar
RPV: Remote piloted vehicle
EW: Electronic warfare

Notes to assessors:

Assessors should keep the following principles in mind when designing and conducting assessments against this unit standard:

Focus the assessment activities on gathering evidence in terms of the main outcome expressed in the title to ensure assessment is integrated rather than fragmented. Remember we want to declare the person competent in terms of the title. Where assessment at title level is unmanageable, then focus assessment around each specific outcome, or groups of specific outcomes.

Make sure evidence is gathered across the entire range, wherever it applies. Assessment activities should be as close to the real performance as possible, and where simulations or role-plays are used, there should be supporting evidence to show the candidate is able to perform in the real situation.

Do not focus the assessment activities on each assessment criterion. Rather make sure the assessment activities focus on outcomes and are sufficient to enable evidence to be gathered around all the assessment criteria.

The assessment criteria provide the specifications against which assessment judgements should be made. In most cases, knowledge can be inferred from the quality of the performances, but in other cases, knowledge and understanding will have to be tested through questioning techniques. Where this is required, there will be assessment criteria to specify the standard required.

The task of the assessor is to gather sufficient evidence, of the prescribed type and quality, as specified in this unit standard, that the candidate can achieve the outcomes again and again and again. This means assessors will have to judge how many repeat performances are required before they believe the performance is reproducible.

All assessments should be conducted in line with the following well documented principles of assessment: appropriateness, fairness, manageability, integration into work or learning, validity, direct, authentic, sufficient, systematic, open and consistent.

QUALIFICATIONS UTILISING THIS UNIT STANDARD:

	ID	QUALIFICATION TITLE	PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL	NQF LEVEL	STATUS	END DATE	PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QA FUNCTIONARY
Core	63309	National Certificate: Defensive Mission Control	Level 5	Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5	Passed the End Date - Status was "Reregistered"	2023-06-30	SAS SETA
Core	49853	National Diploma: Defensive Mission Control	Level 5	Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5	Passed the End Date - Status was "Registered"	2008-09-17	Was SAS SETA until Last Date for Achievement
Core	50500	National Diploma: Electronic Warfare	Level 5	NQF Level 05	Passed the End Date - Status was "Reregistered"	2023-06-30	SAS SETA
Elective	58581	National Certificate: Air Traffic Support	Level 5	Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5	Passed the End Date - Status was "Reregistered"	2023-06-30	TETA

PROVIDERS CURRENTLY ACCREDITED TO OFFER THIS UNIT STANDARD:

This information shows the current accreditations (i.e. those not past their accreditation end dates), and is the most complete record available to SAQA as of today. Some Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionaries have a lag in their recording systems for provider accreditation, in turn leading to a lag in notifying SAQA of all the providers that they have accredited to offer qualifications and unit standards, as well as any extensions to accreditation end dates. The relevant Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionary should be notified if a record appears to be missing from here.

1.	Aviation Training Academy